Creating a Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 Virtual Machine on macOS with QEMU

This tutorial will show you how to create a Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 virtual machine and run it on macOS with QEMU and hardware acceleration.

Before we begin, I suggest you create a folder on your Mac to store the virtual machine disk image, the Ubuntu ISO and startup script. You don’t have to do this but it will make following this tutorial easier.

I’ll be storing everything in ~/QEMU.

Step 1: Install QEMU

We’re gonna use Homebrew to install QEMU, so if you haven’t got Homebrew installed on your machine. You’ll need to do that first by following the Homebrew installation guide.

With Homebrew installed, run the following command to install QEMU.

brew install qemu

Once the install is finished, run the following command to make sure QEMU is installed and ready for the next steps:

qemu-system-x86_64 --version

Output:

QEMU emulator version 5.1.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2020 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

As you can see, as of writing, the latest version is 5.1.0

Step 2: Download Ubuntu ISO

Go to the Ubuntu website and download the Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 ISO. Move the ISO to the ~/QEMU folder as it will make the QEMU command easier.

Step 3: Create a Disk Image

Run the following command to create an 10 GB hard disk (or adjust to your needs) for the virtual machine.

qemu-img create -f qcow2 ~/QEMU/ubuntu-desktop-18.04.qcow2 10G

You should now have a folder containing the Ubuntu ISO and the hard disk which Ubuntu will be installed on.

ls -l ~/QEMU/
ubuntu-18.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso
ubuntu-desktop-18.04.qcow2

Step 4: Create a start script

touch ~/QEMU/start.sh

Add the following contents to start.sh

qemu-system-x86_64 \
  -m 4G \
  -vga virtio \
  -display default,show-cursor=on \
  -usb \
  -device usb-tablet \
  -machine type=q35,accel=hvf \
  -smp 2 \
  -cdrom ubuntu-18.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso \
  -drive file=ubuntu-desktop-18.04.qcow2,if=virtio \
  -cpu Nehalem

Note: you might need to change the -cpu option to a model that matches your hardware. Run sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string to see what CPU you have in your machine and qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu help to see a list of supported options that can be specified to QEMU.

Step 5: Launch QEMU with Ubuntu ISO attached

Run the following command to launch a QEMU virtual machine with the Ubuntu ISO and hard disk we created in the previous step attached.

Change into the QEMU directory and make the script executable:

cd ~/QEMU
sudo chmod +x start.sh

Run the script:

./start.sh

Step 6: Install Ubuntu

Hopefully if everything went to plan with the above command you should be presented with the Ubuntu installer. Click on Install Ubuntu.

Select your language and keyboard layout.

Select Minimal installation and then click Continue.

Select Erase disk and install Ubuntu then click Install Now.

Specify your username, machine name and password then click Continue.

Wait for the installation to complete then click Restart Now.

When asked to remove the installation medium, power off the machine and in the next step we’ll adjust the command to power on the VM without the CD-ROM attached.

Step 7: Reboot without Ubuntu ISO attached

Once the machine is powered off. Remove the following line from the start.sh script:

-cdrom ubuntu-18.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso \

Conclusion

Ubuntu should now be installed and it should run fast on macOS since we enabled hardware acceleration by specifying the -accel hvf option.

Tips

• On first boot after installing Ubuntu, the screen resolution might be too low. Right click on the desktop and open a terminal then run sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade to install updates. Restart the system and the screen should then be big enough to increase the resolution in the Devices section of settings. 1440x900 works best for my MacBook Pro (2017 13.3-inch 2560 x 1600).
• If you need to SSH onto the system, you can add the following settings to the QEMU command: -net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -net nic. Then you can connect via ssh user@loclhost -p 2222.
• You can enter and leave full screen by pressing Command + F when the mouse cursor is at the very top of the screen.